Show that the following is false:
‘An even number is an abundant number.’
We can show this with a counter-example.
Consider the even number 4. It has two proper factors, 1 and 2$. The sum is 3. which is less than 4, and so 4 is deficient, not abundant.
Another, even simpler example, is the even number 2, whose only proper factor is 1, and so the sum is 1, which is less than 2, leaving 2 as a deficient number.