Monday, 1 December 2025

Exercise (3.5).8

Factorise 53 using the difference of two squares method.

What do you notice about this approach in factorising 53?


We first notice that 53 is prime, but we proceed anyway.


$\lceil \sqrt{53} \rceil = 8$, and $8^2 - 53 = 11$, which is not a perfect square.

Trying many integers incrementing upwards from 8 leads to $27^2 - 53 = 26^2$.

That is, 

$$ 53 = (27+26)(27-26) =  53 \times 1$$

The difference of two squares method leads to a factorisation where one of the factors is 1. 


Note the author's solution states that 53 is a prime that cannot be expressed as the difference of two squares, but we have just shown that it can.